The Ministry of Agriculture of Russia recently outlined preliminary quotas for the import of agricultural seeds from unfriendly countries for 2025. These quotas aim to support domestic seed production while ensuring sufficient supply for critical crops. During a meeting hosted by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Minister of Agriculture Oksana Lut detailed these measures, which have sparked discussions among agricultural stakeholders.
Key Quotas for 2025
For 2025, the Ministry has proposed the following import quotas:
- Seed Potatoes: 12,000 tons
- Rapeseed: 2,000 tons
- Hybrid Sugar Beet Seeds: 2,700 tons (2,000 tons in the first half of the year and 700 tons in the second half)
These quotas reflect a slight reduction compared to previous years. For instance, the quota for seed potatoes is down by 4,000 tons compared to 2024. Additionally, the import of high-oleic sunflower hybrids and waxy corn seeds will remain, alongside barley seeds for brewing. However, specific volumes for these seeds are yet to be finalized, with a government resolution expected by the end of 2024.
Transition to Domestic Seeds
Efforts to increase the use of domestic seeds have shown significant progress. In 2024, the share of domestically produced sunflower and soybean seeds increased substantially. For sugar beet, a crop historically dependent on imports, the use of Russian-bred seeds is expected to reach 8% in 2024, a notable rise from less than 2% in previous years.
Government programs, such as the Federal Scientific and Technical Program (FSTP), are driving these changes by promoting the development of local potato and sugar beet varieties. However, challenges remain, with around 90% of Russian potato fields still relying on European seed varieties. In light of this, the Ministry has proposed revising the self-sufficiency target for potato seeds from 50% in 2030 to 35%, acknowledging the gradual pace of transition.
Industry Challenges
The reduction in import quotas poses logistical and financial challenges for traditional importers. Rising transportation costs and stricter regulations, such as mandatory accreditation and audits of foreign laboratories by Rosselkhoznadzor, add to the complexity. For example, Germany’s accredited laboratory cannot issue phytosanitary certificates for potatoes, limiting its role in the supply chain. Similar concerns apply to other major suppliers like the Netherlands and France, which are struggling to meet the full demand for processing-grade potatoes.
Russia’s move towards greater reliance on domestic seeds reflects a strategic shift in its agricultural policy. While progress has been made in some areas, achieving self-sufficiency will require continued investment in research, infrastructure, and streamlined regulatory processes. Balancing import quotas with domestic production capacity will be key to ensuring stable agricultural output and food security.
