In 2025, Russia experienced an unexpected potato shortage, despite farmers expanding planting areas by 10,000 hectares, which was expected to yield an additional 250,000 tons. However, the total harvest is projected to reach only 7.5 million tons, significantly lower than the record 8.6 million tons in 2023.
Why the Deficit Occurred
Several factors contributed to the shortage:
- Poor 2024 Harvest – Unfavorable weather conditions led to a reduced yield.
- Shift to More Profitable Crops – After a bumper harvest in 2023, many farmers switched to other crops due to low potato prices, resulting in a 500,000-ton deficit (excluding an overall 1.3-million-ton decrease).
- Dependence on Imports – With domestic production insufficient, Russia now relies on imports from Egypt, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and China, particularly affecting the Far East, where transportation costs from central regions are prohibitive.
Price Surge and Consumer Response
According to Rosstat, potato prices have skyrocketed in 2025:
- January: ₽58.11/kg
- May: ₽91.77/kg (a threefold increase compared to 2024).
A survey by the Potato Union revealed that: - 46% of Russians refuse to grow potatoes even at high prices.
- Only 15.9% would consider planting if prices exceed ₽123/kg.
- 25.5% already grow potatoes privately, mostly in the Far East (45% participation), while Moscow and St. Petersburg show the least interest (14-16%).
Key Challenges and Solutions
Agricultural expert Leonid Kholod identifies three critical factors affecting potato supply:
- Seed Dependence – EU seed imports have nearly halted, forcing reliance on domestic seeds, which currently meet only a fraction of demand. The government aims for 50% domestic seed production by 2030, but quality must match global standards.
- Weather Resilience – Farmers need better preparedness for climate fluctuations.
- Small Producers’ Access to Market – Strengthening infrastructure for small-scale farmers could stabilize supply. Currently, 51% of potatoes come from large producers, while 49% (small farms) remain unaccounted for in official statistics.
Russia’s potato shortage stems from production declines, import reliance, and logistical challenges. While expanded planting areas and government support may help, long-term solutions include boosting domestic seed production, improving supply chains, and integrating small farmers into the market. Without these measures, price volatility and shortages may persist.
