Actinomycetes are a unique group of bacteria that occupy an intermediate position between bacteria and fungi. Although they are mostly saprophytes and play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter, some actinomycetes have adapted to a parasitic existence on plants and animals, causing diseases such as actinomycosis. Among phytopathogenic actinomycetes, species of the genus Streptomyces, which cause scab in plants, are of particular concern to farmers and agronomists. The most notable are the common scab of potato tubers and the scab of beet roots.
Potato scab caused by Streptomyces scabies is a devastating disease that can cause significant yield loss and affect the quality of the harvested potatoes. Infected tubers develop cracks, small warts, and ulcers that eventually lead to scab formation. To prevent the accumulation of phytopathogenic species in the soil, farmers use various techniques such as crop rotation, removal of affected crops from the field for several years, and alternation of crops in crop rotation.
Crop rotation and alternation of crops in crop rotation are effective measures to reduce the amount of infection in the soil by changing the root secretions and microflora of the soil. It is essential to regulate the quantitative composition of actinomycetes to protect crops from actinomycosis. By using preventive measures and controlling the accumulation of phytopathogenic species in the soil, farmers and agronomists can mitigate the negative impact of actinomycetes on crops.
In conclusion, actinomycetes are a unique group of bacteria that play an essential role in the decomposition of organic matter. However, some species of actinomycetes can cause significant damage to crops, and their prevention is critical for farmers and agronomists. By adopting preventive measures such as crop rotation and alternation of crops in crop rotation, farmers can mitigate the negative impact of actinomycetes on their crops and ensure a healthy harvest.
Tags: Actinomycetes, Phytopathogenic bacteria, Crop rotation, Streptomyces scabies, Potato scab, Agricultural engineering, Agronomy, Farming, Plant pathology.
